萘乙酸吲哚丁酸对水稻产量构成要素的影响

为了明确萘乙酸吲哚丁酸对水稻浸种后对生长和产量的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,以不同浓度6%萘乙酸吲哚丁酸水剂用于水稻浸种。试验结果表明：对水稻生长有较好的调节作用,可增加有效穗数和实粒数,提高产量,增产效果较为明显,对水稻安全。     

护林防火技术在森林资源保护中的应用

合理运用护林防火技术可以提升森林资源保护工作的整体质量,推动林业不断发展。本文分析了森林火灾发生的原因,总结了护林防火技术,提出了相关应用对策,以期为减少森林火灾的发生和保护森林资源提供参考。     

鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术研究进展

鸡皮刺螨是一种吸血性外寄生虫,会引起鸡消瘦、贫血,并导致产蛋下降,造成巨大经济损失。为给科研提供可靠虫源,并对杀螨药物、疫苗以及其他防控手段进行效果评价,国内外学者进行了鸡皮刺螨实验室的人工饲养与繁殖技术研究。文章综述了国内外鸡皮刺螨实验室饲养与繁殖技术的研究进展,将其总结归纳为使用动物饲养繁殖技术与离体饲养繁殖技术两类,同时指出了各项技术在应用过程中存在的问题,为该技术的进一步完善与发展提供相关参考。     

互联网+环境下饲料品牌的策划和实践

随着市场环境的不断发展变化,消费者越来越重视产品的品牌效益,品牌建设已成为当前饲料企业市场竞争中取胜的重要法宝,饲料企业可通过品牌策划与实践提升产品的知名度,加强企业自身的商业信誉,从而提升饲料产品的销售份额,有效扩大消费群体,为企业的长远发展提供广阔的潜力。因此,饲料企业要重视互联网+环境下品牌的策划与实践,通过优化策划方案、创新推广路径等方式加强企业品牌建设。     

基于多源数据的华北平原夏玉米种植区划研究

精准识别农业生产环境信息和农业生产特征,对气象、土壤和作物等多源数据进行综合分类,是提高农业资源利用效率和优化农业种植结构的基础。本研究基于近20年（1998~2017年）气象数据和华北五省的玉米单产统计数据,首先构建了华北平原气候资源和玉米生产时空分布特征数据库,研究区内的降雨量、活动积温、日照时数、太阳辐射和玉米单产均存在显著的时空变化;利用作物精细种植区划方法,将华北平原夏玉米种植区分为极不适宜区、不适宜区、较适宜区、适宜区、极适宜区五大类,各类面积分别占总体的比例约为10%、11%、25%、30%、24%;进一步通过环境类别归属度分析方法,将每一大类分为5小类,概率大于75%的相对稳定区域约占总面积的63%,小于75%的波动区域约占37%;极不适宜区、不适宜区和较适宜区,三类时空分布比较稳定,隶属度为100%分别占各类面积的87.67%、70.41%和84.28%,波动区主要发生在极适宜区和适宜区,以及适宜区和较适宜区之间。本研究构建的华北平原夏玉米精细区划结果,对提高研究区资源利用效率和优化玉米产业布局具有重要的指导意义。     

基于标准化降水蒸散指数的甘肃省干旱时空特征分析

为明确气候变化条件下甘肃省不同时间尺度的干旱特征，选用1951-2015年甘肃省33个气象站点逐日气象数据，计算了不同时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI，同时结合Mann-Kendall突变检验、复小波分析、经验正交函数分解、旋转经验正交函数分解等方法，对甘肃省65 a来干旱时空格局特征进行了分析。结果表明：在年际变化趋势方面，甘肃省干旱情势为由干变湿再变干，近年干旱趋势逐渐加重；四季均呈现由干变湿然后变干的趋势，近年春季变干趋势显著；干旱强度在全省范围内主要为轻旱和中旱等级，并表现为局域性轻旱和全域性中旱。在周期性变化方面，甘肃省的干旱时间周期性强弱依次为39、13、7、22 a尺度，但不同时间尺度表现出了不同的干湿震荡规律。在空间格局方面，甘肃省整体上呈西北部干旱缓解、东南部干旱加剧的趋势；春季干旱加剧最明显，冬季次之，夏季和秋季干湿状况基本相似。按照干旱区域敏感性强弱可将甘肃省分为东南地区东部（Ⅰ区）、西北地区（Ⅱ区）、中部地区（Ⅲ区）和东南地区西部（Ⅳ区），其中Ⅲ区呈干旱缓解趋势，其他地区基本呈干旱加剧的趋势。     

Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China

Excessive use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter(DM) or leaf dry matter(LDM) and stem dry matter(SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index(LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen(N_c) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels(0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha-1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration(PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the N_c curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The N_c dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index(NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit(N_(and)) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha~(-1) during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The N_c curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验，研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明，与不施锌肥相比，施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值，提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量，减少花生病害的发生，平均降低7.1个百分点，花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下，随着遮阴程度的增加，花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势，花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点，花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下，施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下，施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2，使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能，增产显著，可在花生产区推广应用。     

Foliar nematode,Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii,population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US

A foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at both Canadian and US institutions using a modified pan method to extract nematodes. Monthly collections of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves during the growing season (May–October), and leaves and buds between growing seasons (November–March), revealed that nematodes were present in all tissue types. Progressively larger numbers of nematodes were detected in symptomatic leaves from Ohio and Ontario, with the greatest detections at the end of the growing season. Smaller numbers of nematodes were detected in asymptomatic leaves from BLD‐infected trees, typically at the end of the growing season. The nematode was detected overwintering in buds and detached leaves. The discovery of small numbers of nematodes in detached leaves at one location before BLD was detected indicates that nematodes may have been present before disease symptoms were expressed. Other nematodes, Plectus and Aphelenchoides spp., were infrequently detected in small numbers. Our findings support the involvement of the nematode in BLD and indicate that symptoms develop only when certain requirements, such as infection of buds, are met. We also found that the nematode can be reliably detected in buds and leaves using the modified pan extraction method.